Osmosis: Potato and Blackcurrant Squash

In biology, osmosis Is defined as the diffusion of solvent molecules (usually water molecules) across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. Osmosis Is of great importance In biological processes where the solvent Is water. The transport of water and other molecules across biological membranes is ssential to many processes In living organisms.The pressure exerted by the molecules of the solvent on the membrane they pass through is called osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the energy driving osmosis and is important for living organisms because It allows water and nutrients dissolved in water to pass through cell membranes. There are three types of condition that Involves osmosis which Is hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic. In a hypotonic solution, the water will move into the cell due to the outside of the cell having a lower solute concentration than the inside of the ell.When an animal cell Is placed In a hypotonic surrounding (lower solute concentration), the water molecules will move into the cell causing the cell to burst and haemolysed. When plant cell Is placed In a hypotonic solution, water molecules diffuse into the cell and the plant cells remain turgid because the cell wall prevents bursting. In a hypertonic solution, water will move outside of the cell due to the outside of the cell is having a higher solute concentration than the Inside of the cell.When an animal cell, a red blood cells is exposed to a hypertonic surrounding (higher olute concentration) the water will leave the cell causing the cell to shrink and it Is said to undergoes crenation. If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic surrounding, the cell wall cannot prevent the cell from losing water as the water moves out from the cells. It results in cell shrinking, plasmolysis occurs (cell becoming flaccid), In an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water as the interior and exterior environment of the cell Is having the same solute concentration.RESEARCH QUESTION: How does the dfferent concentration of blackcurrant squash solution affects the ercentage change in mass of chipped potatoes after being immersed in solution for 15 minutes? HYPOTHESIS: The higher the concentration of blackcurrant squash solution, the lower the concentration of the solution getting bigger, water inside of the cells will move outside the cell and this is called hypertonic. The movement of water diffuse out of the cell causes the size of the potato to decrease and shrinking in size to crenate.VARIABLES: TYPE OF VARIABLES VARIABLES UNIT WAYS TO CONTROL INDEPENDENT Concentration of blackcurrant squash solution Use different concentration of blackcurrant squash solution which is 0%, 20%, 40%, 0%, and 100%. DEPENDENT Percentage change in mass of chipped potatoes Weigh the potato using a weighing balance to get the initial mass. Then, immersed the potatoes in the different concentration of the solution for 15 minutes. Find the final mass to get the average mass. Calculate the percentage using the formula: XIOO% CONTROLLED 1 . Volume of solution cm3 Use 30 cm3 of solution for each boiling tube measured by measuring cylinder. . Type of potato Use the same type of potato 3. Time taken to immersed the potato in the solution min Fixed the time taken for the potato to be immersed in the solution as 15 minutes by sing a stopwatch. 4. Temperature Conduct the experiment in the same room using a thermometer. 5. Initial length of the potato chips cm each. Table 1: Table of variables and method to controls it. MATERIALS AND APPARATUS: MATERIALS APPARATUS 1. Blackcurrant squash at a concentration of 556 g dm-3 , 100 cm3 2. Distilled water, 100 crn3 3. Large baking potatoes 1. Boiling tube, 6 2. White tile, 6 3.Ruler, 1 4. Scalpel, 1 5. Measuring cylinder, 50 cm3 6. Cork borers, 1 7. Weighing balance, 1 Table 2: Table of Materials and Apparatus METHODOLOGY: PROCEDURE: 1. boiling tube is prepared and labelled as A, B, C, D, E and F. 2. 30 cm3 of distilled water is measured using a measuring cylinder and poured into test tube A. For test tube A, volume of blackcurrant squash is O cm3. For the rest of other test tubes, the volume of blackcurrant squash and volume of distilled water is measured as shown in column 4 and 5 in the table respectively using a measuring cylinder. 3.The potato is cut up using a cork borer making it into small pieces to fit in the boiling tube. The potato skin is cut off and trimmed. 4. The potato chips are dried on a towel paper. . The potato chips are weighed using a weighing balance and the mass is recorded in a table as initial mass. 6. The chips are placed in the blackcurrant squash solution and leave it for 15 minutes. 7. Make sure the solution covered the chips completely so that the process of osmosis can occur efficiently. 8. After 15 minutes, the chips are taken out and dried using a paper towel. 9.The potato chips are weighed using a weighing ba lance and the final mass is recorded in a table. 10. The change in mass of potato chips and the percentage change in mass of potato chips are calculated. 11. Steps 2 – 10 are repeated 3 times. 12. The graph of concentration of blackcurrant squash solution against percentage change in mass is plotted.Graph above shows that as the concentration of the solution increases, the percentage change in mass of the potato will decreases. This is because at the highest concentration, less amount of water is present in the solution than the concentration of the sucrose. Based on the raph above, we can see that the graph of concentration of blackcurrant squash solution against percentages changes in mass is inversely proportional to each other. The percentage change in mass is constant throughout the experiment as the slope or the steepness of the graph wasn't extreme and it decreases in a consistent manner. 3.At 0%, the percentage change in mass is in a positive value showing a hypotonic condition but as the concentration increases to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, the percentage change in mass has become a negative value. This shows that it is in a hypertonic condition. 4. As we can see on the graph, at 0% the lowest concentration it gives the highest value of percentage change in mass of 7. 60%. In this situation, hypotonic occurs as the concentration of water outside the potato chips is higher than inside the cell. Hypotonic solution is a solution with a lower solute concentration but high water concentration.This causes the movement of water to diffuse into the sap of potato cells following the concentration gradient. The rate of water moves inside the cell is higher than the water moves outside the cell and this result to the increase of size of the potato. The potato cell had become turgid and firm. 5. While, at the highest concentration 100%, the percentage change in mass is -33. 30 is the lowest value. In this situation, the potato cells are in hypertonic sol ution which is a solution with a higher solute concentration but lower concentration of water.Thus, water will move outside of the cell to the solution following the concentration gradient. The rate of water moves outside the cell is higher than the water moves inside the cell. As a result, the cell shrinks in sizes and become plasmolysed due to the water loss inside the cell. 6. At 20%, the graph loping downwards is showing a negative percentage changes in mass due to the difference than the 0%. But at 40%, the difference of percentage change in mass is bigger than the previous one with a value of -23. 20%.This is because as the concentration is getting higher, the water will moves out more than it will moves into the cells. At 60%, the percentage change in mass is -28. 00%. At 80%, the value is -31. 40% and the difference with 100% is quite small. 7. The standard deviation is calculated and it is shown in the graph as error bars. The error bars in the graph is small and cannot be seen clearly. Based on the results, he error bars show that the data that had been collected is reliable as it is very small and it indicates less variable and closer to the mean.The smaller the error bars gives you the more reliable data and accurate results. Limitation and Suggestions LIMITATIONS SUGGESTIONS 1 . When we do the dilution for the solution, the blackcurrant squash and the distilled water might not mix well. The apparatus we used here is measuring cylinder which cannot be turn upside down to get the homogenous mixture. – Volumetric flask can be used to replace measuring cylinder as it is the best apparatus to get the accurate esult. It has the most fixed values and it definitely can be turned upside down in order to mix the solution well. . The initial length of potato chips to be cut before we put it into the solution is measured using a measuring cylinder. This could affect the result because measuring cylinder has a big uncertainty which is 0. 05cm. – Instead, we can use vernier calliper that has a smaller uncertainty which is 0. 01 cm. This could give better and accurate result. 3. The volume of blackcurrant squash solution is measured using a measuring cylinder that has a bigger uncertainty of 1. cm and this could affect the result to be less accurate. To improve the results obtained, burette is used to replaced measuring cylinder as it has much more smaller uncertainty of 0. 05cm 4. The time for the potatoes left to immerse in the solution is too short which is 15 minutes. Such a short time is not sufficient for the osmosis to occur efficiently. – The duration of time should be longer to get the most accurate values. The potatoes should be left in the solution for at least 30 minutes so that the process of osmosis could happen efficiently giving out the best results. 5.When the potato chips is taken out from the solution, it must be dabbed and dried by using a paper towel to remove any liquid from the surface before wei ghing it to get the final mass. But the process might not have done the same way for every potato chip as maybe more liquid is removed from one of the potato chips but not the other. – We should at least try to dry the potato chips using the same paper towel and dried it carefully so all the liquid is removed of the potato chips so as the result will came out better. 6. The excess potatoes skin which wasn't taken out properly could give a slightly less

Effects of Verbal Communication Essay

Verbal Communication Communication of all types can be found everywhere. It does not necessarily have to be spoken or oral, it can be found in verbal and nonverbal forms. This is especially true in the areas of the criminal justice system. Communications can be found in equipment, reports, phones, in roll call, or everyday operations. For police officers and other members of the criminal justice system, communication in some form or type can always be certain. It may be in the form of verbal communication, such as roll call, talking with the public, talking to peers, inmates, administration, or supervisors. It is said that nearly 70 percent of one’s time is spent communicating (2009). Officers or those appointed by the department, talk to the media on a daily basis. Whether it is the television, the newspaper reporters, or the radio, it is on a daily basis. For law enforcement officials there is the need to communicate with the press from time to time. This could be to talk about public affairs, providing information about a situation that the police are involved in, or to make announcements. It is common in most areas that law enforcement appoints a spokesperson for the department. This person chosen represents the community and the department, along with all officers. This person must have the intelligence and the ability to speak clearly and in a concise manner, and have the ability to understand questions if asked. He or she should have some clear understanding of what the media only needs to hear. One way to assure this is to him or her draft a statement, before making the announcement to the press. When drafting the announcement and when reading the announcement, the person should avoid using what is called police jargon or codes. Using such language can be confusing to the general public and may cause confusion with the press. When talking to the press he or she should be able to avoid being distracted and should keep eye contact with those who he or she are talking to. Nonverbal communication between the press and officers can also have a confusing effect at time. â€Å"Sometimes nonverbal messages may contradict verbal; often they may express true feelings more accurately than the spoken or written language (Murphy & Hildebrandt). For nonverbal communication, the situations that he or she may want to be careful with can include the stance. There should be no slouching or leaning on the podium. This gives an appearance of the press seeing that he or she either does not want to be there or it could show disinterest. The spokesperson choose vocabulary carefully also. He or she may want to use a friendly tone also, and avoid using emotions during the press release. This must remember that the press usually ahs cameras somewhere that records everything that is said verbally and nonverbally, which may cause some confusion. The courtroom is another place that communication is done daily. Within this setting the law enforcement officer or other personnel, may be called to testify for the prosecutor. Communication in the courtroom setting for police, prosecutors, defense, the suspect, judge and jury, all play a crucial part. The officer when called to testify, should have the ability to understand the questions clearly, is able to listen effectively, and be able to explain the facts written in his or her report. The affidavit is based on the facts that have been written in the officers’ incident report. There may be situations or times when an officer feels uncomfortable, while sitting or standing in a group of other people. Or he or she may fill uncomfortable when having to be in front of the others in the courtroom. The officer should never let emotions or nonverbal cues cloud his or her testimony. During cross-examine; the reputation of the officer could be misinterpreted. Before testimony officers should try to talk to the prosecutor to learn what to expect. He or she may want to practice the testimony also. Being able to communicate verbally and use less nonverbal cues like emotions, could make the difference in the testimony. When testifying the officer should be able to answer in a clear and audible voice with recalling or stating just the facts. He or she may also want to remember to present themselves as a professional and to look and act as one. Not only is his or her reputation at stake, but the department also. For law enforcement personnel who work inside the correctional facility, communication techniques can be a critical part of the job. Officers must be able to talk to their peers, and inmates. The ability to be an active listener, understand, read and write clearly and to follow verbal and nonverbal orders are very important. There may be issues at time among inmates that may cause a barrier of communication. Some of these barriers could include the disruptive inmate, a language barrier, such as a foreign language or a deaf person. There may be the inmate that may cause tension between the officers and others. There are many factors to consider on how to communicate within the correctional setting. There is the use of daily reports that must be filled out by officers. There has to be a clear understanding by the officers and other employees of operating procedures. Incident reports that are fact based must be filled out by officers involved. As with police the correctional officer must also confront inmates and vice versa. The officer should at all times be careful of the nonverbal clues used. This would include his or her emotions at the time, the way he or she stands, or the tone of voice. Most correctional officers are trained on the use of verbal and nonverbal methods of communications before being assigned to the facility (2010). For the peer to peer communication the officer must be able to understand the assignment given, whether it is verbal or nonverbal communications. Assignments are usually given at the beginning of the shift, and it is the responsibility of the officer and peer to have a clear understanding of what it is. If the officer does not understand it is his or her responsibility to ask questions. Another form of peer to peer is among the officers themselves. Communication is a key role inside of the correctional facility when working with the inmates. He or she should be able to understand clearly the instructions that pertain to an inmate or surroundings. He or she must be able to read nonverbal cues from other officers and to be able to read nonverbal cues from the inmates. Within the Juvenile facility, there is a great need for communication of nonverbal and verbal. Like any other facility the officers must be able to understand the importance of filing out the report, whether it be an incident, daily, or new arrival. Each officer must have the intelligence and ability to be able to communicate with a juvenile in custody. Like inmates in the adult correctional setting, juveniles may also become belligerent at times and want to cause problems. The officer must be able to talk with the juvenile as well as be able to listen. Officers must also be able to read the nonverbal cues that are given by the inmates. These could include actions such as throwing of things, language, the stance, eye contact, vocal sounds, and emotions such as anger, sadness and more. Juveniles have a language that seems to be something that they have learned. Most people call it street slang and signs. Most officers are provided continuing training on problems involving juveniles, as well as training to understand the signs and slang used by them. For Officers and other employees of the juvenile facility there is the need to understand clearly the written reports, the operational procedures, releasing of information to outside agencies and families and the ability to talk clearly to peers. Officers and other employees may be called on to answer questions over the phone, concerning a juvenile. They may have to work on computers, and other equipment, or spend hours doing paperwork. This is all an important part of communicating within the facility. When an officer’s peer assigns the officer to a certain department in the facility the officer must have a clear understanding of what is expected of him or her at the time. The one way for the officer to make certain of the assignment, is to ask the needed questions if any should arise. The officer must be able to take orders on a continuous basis and be able to understand the details. When working with other officers there has to be a clear line of communication between the officers. Nonverbal cues, as with any other law enforcement facility should be easily read. The officer must have the ability to do so, in case something should happen. These nonverbal cues could be eye contact, a facial expression, or a nudge, or a physical gesture such as the wave of a hand. As with any other situation officers that work in a juvenile facility must show professionalism and act accordingly. The officer must be careful when using nonverbal communication. These include keeping the emotions from getting away from him or her, keeping the tone of his or her voice from becoming too loud, watching the stance and posture when talking to other employees, inmates, and peers. Communication can be seen in many different forms. These can include fact based reports by law enforcement officers, correctional officers, reports to the press or other media, juvenile facilities and courtrooms. There may be barriers for the officers at times, such as language, ineffective listening, a misunderstanding, or miscommunication. Whatever the reason, for one to communicate properly there must be the ability to understand, listen actively, ask questions when needed, and to speak clearly when asked to. For law enforcement and others in the criminal justice system the need to recognize nonverbal communication is essential. An officer must be able to identify cues given by a suspect, or by an inmate in custody. The law enforcement official should always act and speak in a professional matter when facing the public or fellow workers and supervisors or administrators. He or she must remember that they represent not only themselves but the departments and states they reside in. Effective communication is the key to an effective organization such as the criminal justice system.

Uncle Toms Cabin Essay - 690 Words

Uncle Toms Cabin Uncle Toms Cabin follows the lives of two slaves that live on a Kentucky plantation. Tom, a black slave, and a young mulatto woman named Eliza are under the ownership of Mr. Shelby. Tom is his most trusted slave, while Eliza is Mrs. Shelbys beloved servant, whom she has raised since she was a young girl. Mr. Shelby is a kind man, but is not very good with his finances. He is indebted to a slave trader by the name of Haley. The story begins with Haley giving Shelby the option of trading a couple of his slaves to pay off his debt. Haley tells Shelby that he wants Tom, Shelbys most faithful slave. Knowing he has little choice, Shelby eventually signs over Elizas five year old son, Harry and Tom to Mr.†¦show more content†¦There, she is reunited with her husband who has been posing as a wealthy white man. They soon hear the news that there are men after them. Dressed as two men and a little girl, George, Eliza and Harry finally cross over to Canada and their freedom . At the St. Clare plantation Tom is having and easy life. Toms happiness is short- lived when sweet Eva becomes ill and dies. Mr. St. Clare is deeply disheartened by the loss of his beloved daughter and decides to begin the process of freeing Tom and his other slaves. Tom is ecstatic when he is told of his impending freedom. Before he can finish the paperwork, St. Clare is killed. Marie St. Clare sells Tom at an auction to a man named Legree. Legree is a hard and mean man who treats Tom with disgust. The Shelbys hear of Toms location, but before George Shelby can reclaim him, Tom is beaten severely and dies in Georges arms. The young George Shelby was so distraught; he returns home and frees all of his slaves. While living in Canada, George and Eliza are reunited with relatives that had worked with Tom on the Legree plantation. After receiving an education in France, George moves Eliza and their family to Liberia, Africa where they enjoy their freedom and expand their family. 2 The author of this book, Harriet Beacher Stowe, claims this story was based on real stories of different slaves and people. Uncle Toms Cabin is believed to be one of the mostShow MoreRelatedUncle Toms Cabin829 Words   |  3 PagesUncle Toms Cabin, composed by Harriet Beecher Stowe and distributed in 1852, is an abolitionist-themed novel portraying the tragedies of bondage in the United States. It was immensely persuasive, prompted the formation of a basic pejorative, and was maybe even a reason for the Civil War. The story opens on a Kentucky ranch, home to the kind and venerated Uncle Tom, and the junior Eliza and her tyke. The story has a few significant characters, yet bases on Tom and Eliza. 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Uncle Tom was portrayed as a Godly man with a good heart it was meant show that slaves are just as human as whites, and that slavery should be saw as inhumane and unjust. There are several important concepts that are alluded to, but slaveryRead MoreUncle Toms Cabin Essays1311 Words   |  6 Pages The novel Uncle Toms Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and published in the United States in 1852. The novel depicted slavery as a moral evil and was the cause of much controversy at the time and long after. Uncle Toms Cabin outraged the South and received praise in the North. The publication of Uncle Toms Cabin was a major turning point for the United States which helped bring about the Civil War. 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The Application Essay Diaries

The Application Essay Diaries You've got no clue where to begin. Don't hesitate to be creative, but don't forget to directly tackle the question you've been asked! Ultimately, towards the conclusion of your conclusion, you might reflect on the way in which the essay compares to something else such as modern occasions or the future. On the flip side, an amazing essay or private statement will let you stand out and boost your odds of getting admitted, even if other components of your application aren't stellar. You ought to think of the application essay, however, since a chance to show admissions officers what you're made from. The application procedure, requirements, and how we evaluate your application are just the same, irrespective of which option you decide on. When it is for a college which you're confident you'll be admitted to because you satisfy the published admission requirements, than it could be okay to not compose the essay. If you're asking for a BSN program your written statement may be referred to as a personal statement rather than an essay. The Nuiances of Application Essay Among the most stressful characteristics of the college application procedure is the essay. Clearly Establishing Your Purpose With your reader's attention currently in place, you should be certain you also directly cover the question or prompt to which you were requested to respond. You might find that you have more ideas on how best to begin and articulate your introduction. You've got to write to somebody to enhance your communication abilities. Whatever the case, discussion with the experts that are prepared and eager to provide you sufficient Essay Assignment Help is the right means to move forward. As soon as you own a topic, you have to make a decision as to what way you need to approach it. You must look for a topic that you may write about most passionately and effectively. You're going to want to know about this issue. The MBA essay is a good spot for you to showcase your communication abilities and dedication to community services. Assignments and projects are a way to check the concepts of students, their knowledge of the course and the way they think that they can apply it in real world. For just a couple dollars you'll be able to hire yourself a homework solver that is likely to make quick work of that Math in just a couple minutes or a few hours, based on the workload. Some students believe they'd finish the assignment in two days so that they start working on it late but procrastination can impact their grade and caliber of assignment. Top Application Essay Choices Business schools ask for essays for a number of reasons, all which help admissions committees determine whether you've got the abilities and traits to be successful in an MBA program. Needless to say, many colleges have their very own unique applications. In such conditions, students should think wise and benefit from Managerial economics assignment hel p that is now available online for cheap. The students of HRM should understand all elements of their basic and elongated functions. Application Essay Most essays will give you a word or character limit. Later, when you get the simple essay format down pat, your topic sentence won't necessarily will need to be the very first sentence. Most Noticeable Application Essay Don't neglect to think about movies or books you might know that may offer you good ideas. Frequently, you'll need to include at least a brief overview of the ideas in the article you're discussing. If you're using your own replica of the book or you've printed it from your computer, take notes right on the page and underline important quotes. Then figure out your list of colleges you'll be applying to, and get started searching the website for additional shorter essays they would like you to write. Application Essay Can Be Fun for Everyone You shouldn't be in a position to copy an essay from another school a nd put it to use. More essay help Each teacher is a bit different within her requirements. For the time being, however, it is going to enable you to organize your essay and teach you just how to compose an essay. The more specific you're, the simpler it is going to be to prove it in your essay. Your essay needs to be memorable. Outlining your essay is a great means to organize your ideas and flesh out your essay topic.

Business Torts Ethics And Ethics - 1666 Words

Business Torts Ethics Business Torts Ethics As a business owner or manager, one must always be aware of potential risks and liabilities, and perform necessary actions to limit or remove those liabilities in their entirety. These foreseeable risks are situations which can subject the owner to different types of torts. Furthermore, beyond just reducing the possible financial and criminal liability, owners have an ethical responsibility to provide an environment free of the risk of damages to their customers. The following is a discussion of a potentially tortious situation, legal and ethical responsibilities of the owner, and methods of mitigating risk. Anatomy of a Tortious Act You own a rental property that consists of†¦show more content†¦282) and include injuries that are substantially likely to result from the behavior or action. Included in the categories of intentional tort are assault and battery, trespass, intentional infliction of mental distress, and invasion of privacy (Reed et al., 2016). Assault and battery includes the threat of harm, a present ability to carry out the threat, and a harmful or offensive touching of another (Farlex, Inc, 2016). The intruder threatened Sharon and Darryl, was able to carry out the threat at that moment and followed through by physically harming each of them. Trespass involves entering someone’s land without their permission (Reed et al., 2016). The intruder forced his way into Sharon’s apartment without her consent. Intentional infliction of mental distress is defined by Reed et al. (2016) as â€Å"a battery to the emotions† (p. 284) and usually must be accompanied by physical manifestations. The intruder inflicted distress upon Sharon as evidenced by her screams, and she was physically harmed in the process. Invasion of privacy occurs when one intrudes upon another’s solitude, such as an illegal invasion of one’s home (Reed et al., 2016). It is clear in this example that the intruder illegally invaded Sharon’s home. Based on these definitions, the intruder’s act of not only entering the property by force, but further inflicting injury upon Sharon and Darryl makes him liable for

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde free essay sample

Pascarelli Mrs. Armstrong English 12 December 19, 2012 The Duality of Man During the Victorian Period, people did not believe in dualism and thought it was unacceptable. Robert Louis Stevenson brings the possibility of another self in one person to life in his creation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The quote â€Å"Man is not truly one, but truly two† (Stevenson 43), can be defined as every soul contains elements of both good and evil but one is always dominant. Both sides of an individual cannot be strong at the same time; therefore one side becomes stronger and takes over one’s body. Dr. Jekyll allows Hyde to dominate his personality and eventually he is unable to control Hyde as time proceeds. The duality of the brain during the nineteenth century explains that the left and right hemispheres each had its own function. The right hemisphere was supposedly dominated in the brains of the insane while the left hemisphere was associated with civilization. By discussing such themes as the hypocrisy of society, and the suppression of passion he proves that Stevenson proposes that we must feed our evil souls as well as the good. In the Victorian society you would be judged for the things you did or wanted to do, so you would just keep them private; but you would have had no problem condemning another person for these same social ‘crimes’. This novel also explores the idea of atavism which was big at the time; this is the idea of a person being an evolutionary throwback. In my essay I will be writing about how Robert Louis Stevenson explores the duality in human nature. The plot actually starts depicting a man, Utterson, who has been completely twisted by the very nature of the way the Victorian’s were in a very understated way, because even in his home he wasn’t comfortable to be who he was†¦He had to carry on being the person people expected him to be. ‘He was austere with himself; drank gin when he was alone, to mortify a taste for vintages. ’ This is saying that he was very strict with himself even in the comfort of his own home, and that he would have to drink gin just to kill off the taste for the drink he actually preferred; why he thought this necessary? I don’t think it really matters, Stevenson just wrote this to show this side of people’s characters to give us the first real insight into how people were acting back then. Jekyll states in the novel ‘man is not truly one, but two. ’ This tells us that he is wise to the fact that men as a whole were just showing half of who they were. When Jekyll states this he means it physically, but Stevenson wrote it as a symbolic statement to the fact that man was fake and not just this one side he would portray to the world. Jekyll was intent on separating the two sides he talks about, so that he does not have to feel shame in being a bad person. He uses specific words and phrases like ‘concealing my pleasures’ ‘guilty’ and ‘degradation. ’ These feelings of remorse only exist due to the social confines of the Victorian society that exists at the time. Had Jekyll been placed into a society of which morals did not exist or were not hugely important to the ethics of life, much like today’s modern culture, then he would not have felt the need to get away from the person he felt he had to be. But because of the pressure to conform to respectable normality; Jekyll cracked under the pressure. He thought that freeing himself from his inner demon would bring him happiness. ‘I had learned to dwell with pleasure, as beloved daydream, on the thought of the separation of those elements. ’ This quotation shows us Jekyll’s passion bordering on obsession to be free from the moral obligations society posed. Stevenson wrote this to show the grave longing everyone possessed to create someone they could be. When Jekyll takes the potion he physically and emotionally transforms to embody that of Hyde. A cry followed; [him taking the potion] he reeled, staggered, clutched at the table and held on, staring with infected eyes, gasping with open mouth. ’ I think the obscurity and pain that Jekyll/Hyde goes through upon taking the potion is symbolic for the reluctance to change back and become what he once was. Eventually due to the inaccuracy of his ‘unscienti fic balderdash’ (as spoken by Lanyon) something goes wrong and his changes from Jekyll to Hyde become more irrepressible, ‘My blood was changed into something exquisitely thin and icy. Yes I had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde. ’ He lacks the power or strength to stop these changes. Hyde seems to perform the metamorphosis without warning or consent. I believe this to be significant to the fact that Hyde is becoming stronger and less willing to do as dictated, and because he, the inner demon, has been exercised at such a severe extent he had become a bigger part of Jekyll and so containing the inner beast becomes harder. Stevenson writes ‘the powers of Hyde seemed to grow with the sickliness of Jekyll. I do not think he wrote this meaning a literal sickness but was instead talking about the mental deterioration of Jekyll. The distinction of the unplanned and unwelcome changes between Jekyll and Hyde is symbolic to the fact that as the lines forming the distinction of the personality of Hyde and Jekyll began to merge thus so did the transition. The huge importance of the different physicality of Jekyll and Hyde is illustrative to the completely different characters and the way they are as humans. In Victorian society you could be judged as a rapist, murderer, crook or just plainly evil simply by the way you looked. Stevenson played on this, which surprises me, as he seemed so desperate to shame the way the Victorian’s were with the particular social/historical context†¦Yet he seems very willing to play with the judgmental scientific ideology which is exactly; you can judge a book by it’s cover, in fact you can very probably dictate exactly what the book is likely to say just by the cover. The description written by Stevenson was ‘Mr Hyde was pale and dwarfish†¦impression of deformity†¦displeasing smile†¦Unknown disgust loathing and fear with which Mr Utterson regarded him’ ‘hardly human†¦troglodytic†¦foul soul†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ all these paint an very marking picture of what an awful person this man must be. He also gets a reference to Satan ‘If ever I saw Satan signature upon a face, it would be that of your new friend. ’ I think this reference is very important; because I believe Hyde to be a metaphor for the Satan we each have to fight everyday. Jekyll we know to be completely physically contrasting and this is important as it plays with the social historical context. Mr Jekyll was a plain looking man, nothing hugely appealing nor particularly repulsive†¦And this is similar to that of his personality. Mr Hyde however is hugely ugly and very repulsive thus again connecting with his character; and this is exactly what the Victorian’s believed. The novel’s two endings have a certain connotation that again plays with the idea of duality. We are not just given the ending from the perspective from one person, but two. But, more obviously, this was important for Stevenson to write so that the reader could be given a full idea of what actually happened. Because at this point Utterson was still not yet fully aware of the absolutes in the story, but with the ending Jekyll writes himself we are given the complete ending. One thing I notice is significant to the ending of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was that in the end Dr Jekyll dies. I think Stevenson wrote it this way as a sort of metaphorical warning. Some of the suppression in the Victorian era was important, and still is today. Conforming to society’s standards can sometimes be a good thing, without morals we would have no real way of being well rounded people; everything would be chaos as few people would actually have taken the decision to be good. Morals were set in place by religion and this is good because as Stevenson has written and told us everyone possesses the inner demon that Jekyll let out, but if it is not repressed nor handled correctly it can grow to substantially dangerous amounts that would eventually end up killing you (emotionally and in this case literally). Jekyll’s inner demon was Hyde, no morals, no conscience, no remorse and he ended up being killed along with the last remaining piece of good that was possessed by Jekyll or Hyde. Jekyll’s last good deed to the earth was dying because if he had not then he would have deteriorated to the state where there was no longer a Jekyll and a Hyde but just one evil being, who lacks any kind of substance that is needed to be a ‘normal’ functioning human being. One branch of philosophy insists that human beings are ‘dual creatures’. By this is meant the animalistic side of a human being, being separate from man’s unique ability of rational thinking. This duality in humans is the not quite so obvious physical meaning in Robert Louis Stevenson’s story ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. ’ The much more obvious, emotional meaning is that which makes this book a fantastic read. Stevenson puts across this duality in every human mainly through Henry Jekyll and Edward Hyde. The story also demonstrates how an innocent curiosity about our darker side of our nature can get out of hand. In all of us there is a seed of evil. Anyone having read the book will know that Henry Jekyll turns into Mr. Hyde when having consumed a special potion. The brew awakens a dormant or hidden character; this is emphasized by a physical mutation. This physical mutation from a tall, slim, man of older age to a, younger, stronger, smaller and hairier build has an important imagery to it. The contrast between the suave, distinguished gentleman and the impulsive ‘animal’ is notable. Dr. Jekyll’s clothes do not fit Mr. Hyde; they are too small for him. Hyde therefore personifies the idea that the primitive evil is smaller, and that it can be controlled. Dr. Jekyll is a socially acceptable, repressed individual, who still has a dark side. He can hide it though. Hyde on the other hand is the completely liberated. Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde don’t represent ‘good’ and ‘evil’. The experiment described in Jekyll’s letter didn’t turn out as it was intended, which was to fully separate good and evil, with a character embodying each side. Instead, Hyde seems to personify the pure evil side of human nature. But Jekyll on the other hand, is not of pure good nature, he represents the control one has, or lack thereof, over primitive spontaneous passions and desires. Dr. Jekyll thus symbolizes the idea of repression in a respectable individual. Hyde is completely liberated from Jekyll’s repression through the potion. He is the boundless entity that gives in to all desires, this means Hyde is the one symbolic, however evil, character of this book that represents true liberation in a person. I also think that Robert Louis Stevenson wrote this to show us that no one can be truly liberated and if they were it would surely be a bad thing. Hyde is not purely evil either, after having ‘trampled calmly’ a little girl, Hyde himself speaks in a sincere manner and offers compensation for his acts ‘ If you choose to make capital out of this accident†¦I am naturally helpless. No gentleman but wishes to avoid a scene†¦Name your figure. ’ If Hyde had of been truly evil, then he would have just walked away from the scene; but naturally, however insincere, he felt the need to stop and compensate for his actions. In that way, both sides of Jekyll are both good and evil. The two characters also don’t make a divide between love and hate. Hyde does seem to have self-love; he dedicates himself to his egotistic desires, and in this sense seems to fulfil his need for both love and hate. Jekyll is seems more subdued, he feels both of these emotions, but has control over them. He does this in order to conform to society. One could say that the underlying basis of this duality in Jekyll is his desire to be closer to what he feels from his ‘lesser’ self. He can’t behave the way he wants to because of the risk of the loss of his high social status, one of a respectable gentleman. In the disguise of Hyde, he can lurk around Soho and other dark, red-light districts, where he can fulfil his sinister desires, without putting his important reputation at risk. In the last chapter Henry Jekyll claims to have control over Hyde. He says he can be rid of him when he chooses to. He is addicted to his other side nonetheless. Near the end, the reader learns that his excursions as Mr. Hyde are more and more frequent. This addiction and need to succumb to his primitive self develops into an almost complete loss of control. This is conveyed when Utterson and Enfield decide to go visit Jekyll, who has decided to close himself off completely, even from his friends and servants. Jekyll seems to be very weak at that time, reflecting his ‘weaknesses’ on controlling Hyde. He has to make his leave, because of what seems to be a ‘Hyde impulse’ he is trying to hide. He can control this impulse fully, so he has to hide away from his friends. One could also assume that the duality in Stevenson’s novel is about a curiosity of, or the need to discover one’s primitive impulsive side. If we look at Utterson’s character, there is also this need to know about Hyde. When Mr. Enfield tells about Hyde, Utterson develops on obsession in knowing more about the mysterious dark character. He goes as far as being tempted ‘to disregard the prohibition’ of reading Dr. Lanyon’s narrative, which is only meant to be read if Dr. Henry Jekyll died or disappeared. In this way he also illustrates the existence of duality in every individual. He does restrain himself to following through his desire though, which shows that one has control over their animalistic side. The moral of this interesting story is that which many Christians would be rather familiar with, possibly even more applicable to Victorian culture than the modern day one we live in: â€Å"Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil†. One needs to be in control of their darker side of human nature, and to stop this seed of evil from growing larger. Perhaps, the moral is that we cannot control evil once unleashed. Jekyll tries to ‘use’ Hyde to give in to his temptations without damaging his social position. This spirals out of control. The cost of Jekyll’s curiosity turned out to be a deadly reversal of dominance.

Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative Essay Example

Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative Essay In last many old ages, few direction accounting inventions has been developed. Directors have to do determination on a day-to-day footing every bit good do determinations sing the hereafter and how to last and turn in an energetic market topographic point with of all time turning unsure fortunes. Traditional or modern direction accounting system give relevant information to all degrees of direction, fiscal and other information to do determinations about planning, control of operations and placing chances to add value. The modern direction accounting pattern are typically different from that of traditional direction accounting as they enable directors to do sound determinations to minimise cost every bit good in the same clip add value to the merchandises and services by bettering the quality of merchandises, which is required by the clients, and cut down waste. In add-on, the modern direction accounting systems allow the administration as whole to develop the advanced capacity of the administration and flexibleness so that it can continually alter and better public presentation financially every bit good in its non fiscal countries of public presentation. Traditional vs. Modern Innovative We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Traditional will concentrate on cost control and, in peculiar, what is recognized as variance analysis and which involves measuring forecast results with existent results for illustration for costs such as stuffs and labor. The types of activity, hence, that direction comptrollers have traditionally involved themselves with include: †¢ Cost analysis †¢ Cost control †¢ Budget readying †¢ Budgetary control processes †¢ Cost/benefit analysis †¢ Investment assessment. More modern, innovative attacks include enterprises such as: †¢ Business procedure re-engineering: This is about rethinking and re-designing concern procedures as a agency of cut downing costs and bettering bringing †¢ Zero-based budgeting: re-thinking budgets in a manner that engage warranting and prioritizing all points of outgo †¢ Activity-based direction: looking at what really causes costs to be incurred, and being better able to calculate and command costs †¢ Life rhythm costing: sing a merchandise s costs over its full life rhythm ( instead than merely, for illustration, the initial edifice costs ) †¢ Total quality direction: the procedure of uninterrupted quality betterment †¢ beyond budgeting : a challenge to traditional budgeting techniques via the usage of more flexible and broad ranging procedures †¢ Balanced scorecards: the usage of cardinal public presentation indexs within four different positions fiscal, client, internal concern procedure and learning/growth. Non fiscal public presentation measuring approached gained impulse as a consequence of dissatisfaction with the traditional techniques such as balance sheets and income statement, as engineering increasing and increasing planetary competition, companies able to acknowledge better their mistake and might to better their bing capablenesss and make new 1s the most successful of these being Economic Value Added ( EVA ) . Initially Return on Investment ( ROI ) was used to enhancement the intuition and penetration of directors. It was used to direct down the end for division directors to run into from corporate office. Since directors reward and endorsement chances depended on the ability to run into marks, these nucleus directors has a strong inducement to set their information consequently. Some concerns have built accounting instruction faculties for their directors that help them acknowledge the elaborate information they get. Management comptrollers have a critical duty in fixing and administering preparation stuffs. Nowadays multifaceted managerial milieus proficient maps, peculiarly accounting, need to go more than providers of information. They must turn into a sort of an educating where directors can obtain preparation. So far in legion organisations, comptrollers are excessively feverish to turn out to be teachers and internal wages systems likely depress such public presentations. As the scope of direction accounting messages enlarge to incorporate non-financial presentation indexs, direction comptrollers get an extra challenge. Many directors have complexnesss visualising the cause and ensue relationships that connect cost drivers to fiscal returns. Yet this is the cardinal information needed to pull off value, and instruction is on a regular basis required to assist directors acknowledge improved the ground and consequence dealingss that cause stockholder value. Increasing functional country means that directors are of all time more degage from stockholder values. Many directors are strongly devoted to the association without being dedicated to the fiscal purpose that drives it. Management comptrollers have a duty to take portion in transfusing fiscal control and delegating fiscal values to non-financial directors. One technique is to necessitate operating directors ( instead than comptrollers ) to consistently form and show the fiscal survey of their industry unit. At the similar juncture that the direction accounting function must pay great sum of attending to the efficiency of its interior substructure procedures, other demands are happening. There is lifting force per unit area to diminish on the whole cost of the finance map as a fraction of grosss. There are bit by bit more clip devouring demands for more comprehensive external coverage. While these concluding ends are critical and must be achieved, puting the precedency there merely hike the hazard that internal accounting communications will be unsuccessful to acquire their aims and that direction accounting system modify will be farther postponed. Decision As discussed above, the modern direction accounting relevant to modern organisational direction issues as good rectify and reform the traditional direction accounting patterns to do determinations and specialized determinations based on relevant fiscal and non-financial information depending on the nature of activities, size, external fortunes and market conditions, client profiles, organisational human resource issues, structural issues. Even the modern direction accounting is non extra but can be wholly different. As good, some are more appropriate to assorted organisations and some are non, given the internal direction patterns, size of organisations, top direction support, human resource patterns. Organizational structural issues, employee motivational factors, centralisation decentalisation issues. In other words, before sing implementing modern direction accounting patterns the direction must hold a feasibleness survey sing the above issues and measure the cost and benefit of the systems in fiscal and non-financial footings. Otherwise the benefits are applied without through rating and committedness by top direction, therefore the benefits of these patterns will non be realized to the full. If carefully considered based on adequate facts and non on emotions, so the modern direction accounting with other schemes will surely helpful for direction to do sound determinations and hence contribute to the success of th e organisation than the traditional direction accounting patterns.